Can Oral TB develop in susceptible individuals after an oral surgical procedure? 3 case reports.

As opposed to the popular assumption, there have been an increase in the cases of Oral Tuberculosis as of late. Owing to increased drug resistance, there has been a change in the disease pattern leading to an upsurge in the Extra-pulmonary Oral Tuberculosis. According to the WHO, Diagnosis is the first step in the control of TB; but due to the lack of pathognomonic signs associated with Oral Tuberculosis and the rarity of these lesions, diagnosis is often difficult. So, to enable a timely diagnosis, we point out the occurrence of such lesions in the post-operative refractory lesions in susceptible individuals. However, a thorough search of literature did not yield any conclusive results. In this paper we present the clinical, radiographic and histopathological findings of three cases between the ages of 5 and 50 years old who were diagnosed of Oral Tuberculosis. These patients have undergone a recent oral surgical procedure prior to the development of Oral TB lesions. More research is required to increase the awareness of the pattern of this disease and to enable a quicker diagnosis so that the overall morbidity and mortality is reduced.

The Efficacy of Fixation of Unilateral Mandibular Angle Fracture with Single 3D Plate vs Single Miniplate Using Transbuccal Approach.

Introduction: The management of mandibular angle fractures is often challenging and results in the highest rate of complications. The optimal treatment modality still remains controversial. This study was done to compare the treatment outcomes of single 3D plate versus single miniplate. Objective: The objective was to compare and evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome in patients who underwent treatment with single 3D plate versus single miniplate using transbuccal approach for unilateral angle fractures with other associated mandibular fractures. Methodology: A randomized control study was done in 12 patients with unilateral angle fracture who were divided into two groups. Group A patients were treated using single 3D plates, and Group B patients were treated using single miniplates. Study parameters were evaluated at different time intervals. Results: The results of the study showed that postoperatively in Group A, fracture reduction, occlusion and mouth opening were comparatively better than Group B. Hardware failure was seen in one patient in Group B. Postoperative morbidities showed no statistical difference. Conclusion: The single 3D plates showed a statistically insignificant advantage over single miniplates, although clinically Group A proved better than Group B with respect to the study parameters. Therefore, we recommend the use of single 3D plates for effective unilateral angle fracture treatment. More studies are required to prove the significant statistical significance.

3D Models Revolutionizing Surgical Outcomes in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Experience at Our Center.

INTRODUCTION: New technological advances have revolutionized the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. The three-dimensional (3D) models are new technological breakthroughs which have equipped the oral and maxillofacial surgeon to effectively reproduce or improve preoperative form and function. They have also allowed the surgeon to achieve minimal operative and postoperative morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case series, we present the clinical application and benefits of 3D models that are used for the surgical planning and execution of surgery in treating a case of mid-face deficiency and for the treatment of extensive jaw pathologies using reconstruction plate bent preoperatively, which contributed to improved surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Ameloblastic Fibrodentinoma: A Rarity in Odontogenic Tumors.

Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma is a rare, benign, mixed odontogenic tumor composed of odontogenic epithelium, immature connective tissue and is characterized by the formation of dysplastic dentin. An incidence of 0.1% is reported for this benign odontogenic tumor which indicates the rarity of this lesion. In the present review, a case of ameloblastic fibrodentinoma of the mandible in an african male is presented which was managed by surgical enucleation of the lesion along with the removal of impacted tooth associated with it.

Effect of chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, and ozone on microorganisms in dental aerosols: randomized double-blind clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Dental handpieces, ultrasonic scalers, air polishers, air abrasion units produce the most visible aerosols. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX), povidone iodine (PI), and ozone (OZ) on the microorganisms in dental aerosols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 patients were included in this study, they were randomly assigned into three groups and were subjected to scaling before and after rinsing with 0.2% CHX, 1% PI or irrigation with OZ. Blood agar plates were used to collect the gravitometric settling of aerosols and were sent for aerobic and anaerobic culture. RESULTS: The results demonstrated high percentage reduction of aerobic and anaerobic colony forming units (CFUs) in all three groups. In aerobic CFUs, CHX showed the highest reduction (57%) at mask position whereas at chest position and at 9 ft, PI showed higher CFU reductions (37% and 47%, respectively). In anaerobic CFUs, CHX showed the highest percentage of reduction at chest level (43%) and at 9 ft (44%). CONCLUSION: CHX, PI and OZ showed similar effects in reducing aerobic and anaerobic CFU's at the chest mask and at 9 ft. OZ can be used as a preprocedural agent, considering its beneficial effects.

Odontogenic maxillofacial space infections at a tertiary care center in North India: a five-year retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Odontogenic infections contribute to a significant proportion of maxillofacial space infections (MSI) across the world. MSI can cause several life-threatening complications despite skillful management. The objective of this study was to review the clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of odontogenic MSI treated at a tertiary care center, and to identify the factors predisposing to life-threatening complications. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients treated for MSI from January 2006 to December 2010 at the Christian Medical College Hospital in Ludhiana, North India, was conducted. RESULTS: Out of 137 patients identified, 66.4% were men. Mean patient age was 40 years, and 24.1% of the patients were diabetic. The most common origin was pulpal (70.8%), the most common space involved was the submandibular space, and the most common teeth responsible were the lower third molars. Twenty patients (14.6%) developed complications. Diabetes, multiple space involvement, and a total leukocyte count of ≥15×10(9)/l were associated with complications. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MSI who present with multiple space involvement, a high leukocyte count, and those with diabetes are at higher risk of developing life-threatening complications and need to be closely monitored.

Pattern of maxillofacial fractures at a tertiary hospital in northern India: a 4-year retrospective study of 718 patients.

PURPOSE: Pattern and aetiology of maxillofacial injuries varies from one country to another and even within the same country depending on prevailing socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors. Various studies have been carried out in various countries to study the epidemiology and demographics of the maxillofacial injuries but the studies from India are few. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study was undertaken at Christian Medical College Ludhiana (India) from January 2006 to December 2009. Treatment records of the patients was checked and age, gender, aetiology of injury, associated injuries, maxillofacial fractures and treatment offered were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 1075 fractures were recorded in 718 patients, ranging from 11 months to 85 years of age. Male:female ratio was 6.6:1. Maxillofacial injuries were most common in third decade of life. A total of 517 patients suffered injuries because of road traffic accident, 115 because of accidental fall and 67 because of interpersonal violence. A total of 184 patients had 221 associated injuries of which 56.1% head injuries, 29.0% orthopaedic injuries and 14.9% other injuries were present. Of 596 middle third fractures, 29.8% were managed conservatively; for 21.7% and 48.7% of fractures, closed reduction and open reduction were performed respectively. Of 479 mandibular fractures, 1.8% was managed conservatively; for 16.7% and 81.5% fractures, closed reduction and open reduction were performed respectively. CONCLUSION: Better socio-economic status of people, increased vehicular movements and non-implementation of road safety norms have increased road traffic accidents. Proper education of the people who are most commonly involved in the RTA can be one of the possible ways to reduce the maxillofacial injuries.